perikaryal swelling
Pronunciation: pair-ih-CARE-ee-al
Enlargement of neuronal cell body cytoplasm, often indicating cellular stress or acute injury. May be accompanied by chromatolysis.
Full Definition
Perikaryal swelling refers to the abnormal enlargement of the neuronal cell body (perikaryon) due to accumulation of fluid or organelles within the cytoplasm. This morphological change typically indicates acute cellular stress, injury, or metabolic dysfunction. The swollen perikaryon appears enlarged and pale compared to normal neurons, and may be accompanied by displacement of the nucleus to an eccentric position. Perikaryal swelling is commonly observed in conditions such as hypoxia, ischemia, toxic injury, and axonal damage. When severe, it may progress to chromatolysis with dissolution of Nissl substance. This finding helps pathologists assess the acuity and severity of neuronal injury.
Usage
Usage note: Often occurs in conjunction with chromatolysis in severe injury.
In Context
- "Widespread perikaryal swelling was noted in cortical neurons following the hypoxic episode." — Acute brain injury case
- "The motor neurons showed perikaryal swelling with eccentric nuclei, indicating acute axonal injury." — Spinal cord pathology report