perivascular cuffing
Accumulation of inflammatory cells around blood vessels in the central nervous system. A hallmark finding in various neuroinflammatory conditions.
Full Definition
Perivascular cuffing refers to the characteristic pattern of inflammatory cell infiltration around blood vessels within the central nervous system parenchyma. This finding is commonly observed in viral encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, and other neuroinflammatory disorders. The inflammatory cells, typically lymphocytes and plasma cells, form distinct layers or 'cuffs' around the vessel walls. Recognition of this pattern is crucial for neuropathologists as it provides important diagnostic clues about the underlying pathological process and helps differentiate inflammatory from degenerative or neoplastic conditions.
Usage
Usage note: Always specify the type of inflammatory cells when describing perivascular cuffing.
In Context
- "The biopsy showed extensive perivascular cuffing consistent with viral encephalitis." — Neuropathology report
- "Perivascular cuffing was noted in the white matter lesions, supporting a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis." — Autopsy findings