cortical dysplasia
Also written as: FCD — focal cortical dysplasia
Developmental malformation of cerebral cortex with abnormal neuronal organization, often causing epilepsy.
Full Definition
Cortical dysplasia refers to a spectrum of developmental malformations characterized by abnormal cortical organization and neuronal migration. These lesions are a common cause of medically refractory epilepsy and are classified into focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) types I, II, and III. On MRI, findings may include cortical thickening, blurring of the gray-white matter junction, increased T2 signal in subcortical white matter, and abnormal sulcation patterns. Type II dysplasias often show a characteristic 'transmantle sign' extending from cortex to ventricle. FLAIR sequences are particularly sensitive for detecting subtle signal changes in the underlying white matter.
Usage
Usage note: Classify by type (I, II, or III) when possible based on imaging features.
In Context
- "Subtle cortical dysplasia was identified in the right frontal region on high-resolution MRI." — Epilepsy surgery evaluation
- "The transmantle sign confirmed Type II cortical dysplasia." — Pediatric neurology report