neurogenic pulmonary edema
Also written as: NPE — neurogenic pulmonary edema
Acute lung injury resulting from sudden severe brain injury, characterized by rapid onset of respiratory distress and bilateral lung infiltrates.
Full Definition
Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a life-threatening complication that can develop rapidly following acute central nervous system injury, particularly after severe traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or seizures. The condition results from massive sympathetic nervous system activation leading to increased pulmonary vascular permeability and left ventricular dysfunction. Unlike cardiogenic pulmonary edema, this condition occurs in patients with previously normal cardiac function and is characterized by high-protein pulmonary edema fluid. Early recognition and management are crucial, as the condition can develop within minutes to hours of the neurological insult and significantly impacts patient outcomes.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from cardiogenic causes of pulmonary edema; often requires echocardiography and pulmonary artery catheterization for diagnosis.
In Context
- "The patient developed neurogenic pulmonary edema within hours of the severe traumatic brain injury, requiring immediate mechanical ventilation." — Critical care progress note