neurofibroma
Pronunciation: /ˌnjʊəroʊfaɪˈbroʊmə/
A benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor composed of Schwann cells, fibroblasts, and perineural cells.
Full Definition
Neurofibromas are benign tumors that arise from peripheral nerves and are composed of multiple cell types including Schwann cells, fibroblasts, perineural cells, and mast cells. They can occur sporadically or as part of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. Unlike schwannomas, neurofibromas cannot be surgically separated from the nerve without damaging it. They may present as cutaneous, subcutaneous, or plexiform variants, with plexiform neurofibromas having malignant potential.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from schwannoma - neurofibromas incorporate nerve fibers while schwannomas displace them.
In Context
- "The MRI revealed a plexiform neurofibroma extending along the brachial plexus." — Radiology report
- "Multiple cutaneous neurofibromas are pathognomonic for neurofibromatosis type 1." — Clinical genetics consultation