neurogenesis
The process by which new neurons are generated from neural stem cells in the developing and adult brain.
Full Definition
Neurogenesis is the formation of new neurons through the proliferation, migration, differentiation, and integration of neural stem cells or progenitor cells. While most abundant during embryonic and early postnatal development, neurogenesis continues in specific brain regions throughout adult life, particularly in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and potentially the olfactory bulb. Adult neurogenesis is influenced by various factors including exercise, environmental enrichment, stress, and aging. This process has important implications for learning, memory, mood regulation, and potential therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from neuroplasticity, which refers to changes in existing neural connections.
In Context
- "The study investigated how exercise enhances adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus." — Research publication
- "Impaired neurogenesis has been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder." — Review article