synaptic plasticity
The ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time in response to activity patterns and experience.
Full Definition
Synaptic plasticity refers to the capacity of synaptic connections between neurons to change in strength and efficacy based on their usage history and patterns of activation. This fundamental property underlies learning, memory formation, and adaptation throughout life. Synaptic plasticity can occur on multiple timescales, from milliseconds to years, and involves both structural modifications (changes in synapse number or morphology) and functional changes (alterations in neurotransmitter release or receptor sensitivity). Both strengthening (potentiation) and weakening (depression) of synaptic transmission are important for proper neural circuit function.
Usage
Usage note: Always hyphenate when used as a compound adjective; distinguish from broader 'neuroplasticity' concept.
In Context
- "The study demonstrated that synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus is impaired in the Alzheimer's disease model." — Neuroscience research paper
- "Understanding synaptic plasticity mechanisms has informed the development of cognitive rehabilitation strategies." — Rehabilitation medicine review