cerebral salt wasting
Hyponatremic condition following brain injury characterized by excessive renal sodium loss and volume depletion.
Full Definition
Cerebral salt wasting (CSW) is a syndrome of hyponatremia and volume depletion that occurs following various forms of brain injury, particularly subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury. The condition is characterized by excessive renal sodium and chloride loss, leading to hyponatremia, natriuresis, and volume depletion. CSW is thought to be caused by the inappropriate release of natriuretic factors following brain injury. Clinically, it presents with hyponatremia, elevated urine sodium concentration, and signs of volume depletion. Distinguishing CSW from syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is crucial as the treatments differ significantly, with CSW requiring volume and sodium replacement rather than fluid restriction.
Usage
Usage note: Hyphenate when used as a compound modifier; capitalize all words in the full term.
In Context
- "The patient developed cerebral salt wasting syndrome three days after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage." — clinical case report
- "Distinguishing between cerebral salt wasting and SIADH is essential for appropriate fluid management." — educational material