glucocorticoid receptor
Also written as: GR — Glucocorticoid Receptor
A nuclear hormone receptor that mediates the genomic and non-genomic effects of cortisol and synthetic glucocorticoids.
Full Definition
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor that mediates the biological effects of glucocorticoids such as cortisol. Upon binding cortisol or synthetic glucocorticoids, the receptor undergoes conformational changes, translocates to the nucleus, and regulates gene expression by binding to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) in target genes. The GR plays essential roles in stress response, immune regulation, metabolism, and circadian rhythm maintenance. In neuroendocrinology, GR expression in hypothalamic and pituitary tissues is crucial for negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Altered GR function is implicated in various disorders including Cushing's syndrome, depression, and metabolic dysfunction.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as GR; ensure distinction from other steroid hormone receptors in clinical contexts.
In Context
- "The patient's tissue showed reduced glucocorticoid receptor expression, suggesting glucocorticoid resistance." — Endocrinology consultation
- "Glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms may influence individual responses to stress and steroid therapy." — Pharmacogenomics study