melanin-concentrating hormone
Also written as: MCH — melanin-concentrating hormone
A hypothalamic neuropeptide that promotes feeding, sleep, and energy conservation while regulating circadian rhythms.
Full Definition
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a cyclic 19-amino acid neuropeptide produced by neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and zona incerta, originally identified for its role in fish skin color regulation. In mammals, MCH has evolved to become a critical regulator of energy homeostasis, sleep-wake cycles, and motivated behaviors. MCH neurons project widely throughout the brain and act through the MCH receptor 1 (MCHR1) to increase food intake, promote sleep, reduce energy expenditure, and facilitate memory consolidation. These neurons are inhibited by leptin and activated during fasting, positioning MCH as an important orexigenic signal. MCH also influences mood and stress responses, with dysregulation implicated in depression and anxiety disorders, making it a target for both metabolic and psychiatric therapeutic interventions.
Usage
Usage note: Despite the name, MCH does not regulate melanin in mammals; ensure this distinction is clear when discussing comparative physiology.
In Context
- "Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor antagonists reduced food intake and body weight in obese animal models." — Pharmaceutical research study
- "Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone expression was upregulated during the fasting period." — Metabolic physiology experiment