neuropeptide S
Also written as: NPS — neuropeptide S
A hypothalamic peptide that promotes wakefulness and modulates anxiety-like behaviors through its specific receptor.
Full Definition
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a 20-amino acid peptide primarily expressed in a small population of neurons in the brainstem and hypothalamus, particularly in the locus coeruleus and parabrachial area. This neuropeptide acts through the neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) to promote arousal, enhance wakefulness, and modulate stress responses and anxiety-like behaviors. NPS administration increases locomotor activity, reduces anxiety, and can override sleep pressure, making it an important regulator of the sleep-wake cycle. In clinical contexts, genetic variants in the NPS system have been associated with panic disorder, asthma susceptibility, and sleep disorders, highlighting its relevance in both psychiatric and respiratory medicine.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from neuropeptide Y (NPY) which has different functions; abbreviation NPS should not be confused with other medical uses.
In Context
- "Genetic polymorphisms in the neuropeptide S receptor gene were associated with increased panic disorder susceptibility." — Psychiatric genetics study
- "Central administration of neuropeptide S reversed the sedative effects of benzodiazepines in animal models." — Pharmacological research paper