anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
Autoimmune encephalitis caused by antibodies against NMDA glutamate receptors, typically presenting with psychiatric symptoms, seizures, and movement disorders.
Full Definition
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune form of encephalitis caused by antibodies directed against the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors in the brain. The condition predominantly affects young women and often follows a characteristic clinical progression from psychiatric symptoms and behavioral changes to seizures, movement disorders, autonomic instability, and decreased consciousness. Many cases are associated with ovarian teratomas, though the condition can occur without an underlying tumor. Early recognition and immunotherapy can lead to significant recovery.
Usage
Usage note: Often requires tumor screening, particularly for ovarian teratoma in young women.
In Context
- "CSF analysis revealed anti-NMDA receptor antibodies, confirming the suspected autoimmune encephalitis." — Laboratory results
- "The young woman's rapid progression from behavioral changes to catatonia suggested anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis." — Emergency department assessment