complement activation
The cascade of immune proteins that cause cell lysis and inflammation, important in neuroimmunological diseases.
Full Definition
Complement activation refers to the sequential activation of complement system proteins that results in cell membrane damage, inflammation, and pathogen clearance. In neuroimmunology, complement plays a crucial role in diseases like neuromyelitis optica, where AQP4 antibodies activate complement leading to astrocyte destruction and tissue damage. The complement cascade can be triggered through classical, alternative, or lectin pathways, ultimately forming membrane attack complexes that create pores in cell membranes. Complement deposition is often visible in CNS tissue as C5b-9 staining and represents active tissue destruction.
Usage
Usage note: Specify which complement pathway when known; important in NMOSD pathogenesis.
In Context
- "Complement activation was evident by C5b-9 deposition in spinal cord lesions." — Pathology report
- "The patient showed evidence of complement activation in CSF analysis." — Laboratory findings