DAMPs
Pronunciation: damps
Also written as: DAMPs — Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns
Damage-associated molecular patterns released by injured CNS cells that trigger sterile neuroinflammation through pattern recognition receptors.
Full Definition
DAMPs (Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns) are endogenous molecules released by injured, stressed, or dying cells that act as danger signals to activate the innate immune system. In the CNS, neuronal and glial cell damage releases various DAMPs including high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), ATP, DNA fragments, and heat shock proteins. These molecules are recognized by pattern recognition receptors on microglia and astrocytes, triggering sterile inflammation even in the absence of pathogens. DAMP-mediated inflammation is a key mechanism in traumatic brain injury, stroke, neurodegeneration, and other CNS pathologies where tissue damage occurs without infection.
Usage
Usage note: Always use plural form 'DAMPs' as it refers to a class of molecules; spell out on first use.
In Context
- "Released DAMPs from damaged neurons triggered microglial activation and sterile inflammation." — Neuroscience research paper
- "Targeting DAMP signaling pathways may provide therapeutic opportunities in neuroinflammatory diseases." — Drug development review