cytokine storm
Excessive inflammatory response characterized by overproduction of inflammatory mediators, seen in severe neuroimmunological conditions.
Full Definition
Cytokine storm, also known as cytokine release syndrome, is a systemic inflammatory response characterized by the excessive and uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to widespread inflammation and potentially organ dysfunction. In neuroimmunology, cytokine storms can occur in severe autoimmune encephalitis, particularly anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, and in some cases of multiple sclerosis relapses or during treatment with certain immunomodulatory therapies. The inflammatory cascade involves multiple cytokines including interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma. Recognition of cytokine storm is important for clinicians as it may require intensive care management and specific anti-inflammatory treatments beyond standard immunosuppression.
Usage
Usage note: Can be used as both a noun and adjective (cytokine storm syndrome).
In Context
- "The patient developed cytokine storm following CAR-T cell therapy, requiring intensive immunosuppression." — Critical care note
- "Elevated inflammatory markers suggested possible cytokine storm in this case of severe autoimmune encephalitis." — ICU consultation