epitope spreading
The progressive immune recognition of new self-antigens during chronic autoimmune disease.
Full Definition
Epitope spreading is the process by which an autoimmune response initially directed against one epitope expands to target additional epitopes on the same protein (intramolecular spreading) or on different proteins (intermolecular spreading). This phenomenon is important in multiple sclerosis progression, where immune responses may begin against one myelin protein but expand to recognize multiple CNS antigens over time. Epitope spreading contributes to disease chronicity and may explain why autoimmune neurological diseases tend to worsen over time despite treatment of the initial immune response.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from molecular mimicry; represents disease progression mechanism.
In Context
- "Epitope spreading may explain the expansion of autoimmune responses in progressive MS." — Immunology review
- "The study tracked epitope spreading patterns in longitudinal patient samples." — Research methodology