mitoxantrone
Pronunciation: my-toe-ZAN-trone
Immunosuppressive chemotherapy agent used in aggressive multiple sclerosis, with significant cardiotoxicity risk.
Full Definition
Mitoxantrone is a synthetic anthracenedione chemotherapy agent that functions as an immunosuppressive therapy for aggressive forms of multiple sclerosis. The drug works by interfering with DNA synthesis and repair, leading to suppression of B cells, T cells, and macrophage function. In neuroimmunology, mitoxantrone is reserved for patients with rapidly progressive or treatment-refractory multiple sclerosis due to its significant toxicity profile. The most serious adverse effect is dose-related cardiotoxicity, including cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure, which limits lifetime cumulative dosing to 140 mg/m². Other toxicities include secondary acute leukemia, infertility, and alopecia. Regular cardiac monitoring with echocardiography or MUGA scans is mandatory during treatment. Despite its risks, mitoxantrone remains an important option for aggressive disease when other therapies have failed.
Usage
Usage note: Always document cumulative lifetime dose and cardiac function status when prescribing or monitoring.
In Context
- "The patient was started on mitoxantrone therapy for rapidly progressive multiple sclerosis after failure of first-line treatments." — Treatment plan
- "Cardiac function must be monitored closely during mitoxantrone treatment due to cumulative cardiotoxicity risk." — Clinical guideline