paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis
Autoimmune inflammation of limbic brain structures triggered by underlying malignancy, causing memory loss and behavioral changes.
Full Definition
Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is an autoimmune inflammatory condition affecting the limbic system structures (hippocampus, amygdala, and related areas) that occurs as a remote effect of cancer. The condition is mediated by antibodies directed against neuronal antigens that cross-react between tumor cells and brain tissue. Patients typically present with subacute onset of short-term memory loss, confusion, behavioral changes, and seizures. Common associated antibodies include anti-Hu, anti-Ma2, and anti-AMPA receptor antibodies, with specific patterns often correlating with particular tumor types.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from non-paraneoplastic autoimmune encephalitis by emphasizing the cancer association.
In Context
- "Anti-Hu antibodies were positive, supporting the diagnosis of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with lung cancer." — Laboratory report interpretation
- "The patient's rapid cognitive decline prompted investigation for paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis." — Clinical reasoning