paraneoplastic neurological syndrome
Immune-mediated neurological disorder caused by cancer but not due to direct tumor invasion or metastasis.
Full Definition
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are immune-mediated disorders of the nervous system that occur in cancer patients but are not caused by direct tumor invasion, metastasis, or treatment-related toxicity. These syndromes result from autoimmune responses directed against shared antigens expressed by both tumor cells and nervous system tissue. Common presentations include limbic encephalitis, cerebellar degeneration, sensory neuronopathy, and various movement disorders. Diagnosis often involves detection of specific onconeural antibodies, and treatment typically focuses on tumor management and immunosuppression. Recognition of these syndromes is crucial as neurological symptoms may precede cancer diagnosis.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from direct neurological effects of cancer. Can be abbreviated as PNS when context is clear.
In Context
- "The patient's rapidly progressive cerebellar ataxia was diagnosed as a paraneoplastic neurological syndrome associated with lung cancer." — Oncology case report
- "Early recognition of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes can lead to earlier cancer detection and improved outcomes." — Clinical guidelines