rituximab
Pronunciation: ri-TUX-i-mab
A monoclonal antibody targeting CD20-positive B cells used in neuroimmunological conditions.
Full Definition
Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the CD20 antigen on B lymphocytes, leading to B-cell depletion through multiple mechanisms including complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Originally developed for treating B-cell lymphomas, rituximab has shown efficacy in various neuroimmunological conditions including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, certain forms of encephalitis, and some cases of multiple sclerosis. The drug provides prolonged B-cell depletion, typically lasting 6-12 months after administration. Its use in neurology represents the growing recognition of B-cell involvement in CNS inflammatory diseases.
Usage
Usage note: Brand name Rituxan should be capitalized; specify CD20 targeting mechanism when relevant.
In Context
- "Rituximab therapy resulted in significant reduction of relapse frequency in NMOSD patients." — Treatment outcome study
- "The patient showed complete B-cell depletion six weeks after rituximab infusion." — Laboratory monitoring report