Refractory Epilepsy
Epilepsy that does not respond adequately to antiepileptic medications, often requiring alternative treatments such as neuromodulation.
Full Definition
Refractory epilepsy, also known as drug-resistant epilepsy, is defined as the failure to achieve sustained seizure freedom despite adequate trials of two tolerated and appropriately chosen antiepileptic drugs. This condition affects approximately one-third of epilepsy patients and significantly impacts quality of life, cognitive function, and mortality risk. Patients with refractory epilepsy are candidates for alternative treatments including surgical resection, neuromodulation therapies such as vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, or responsive neurostimulation, depending on seizure type and localization.
Usage
Usage note: Preferred term over 'intractable epilepsy' in current clinical practice.
In Context
- "The patient's refractory epilepsy warranted evaluation for neuromodulation therapy options." — Epilepsy consultation note
- "Video EEG monitoring confirmed refractory epilepsy with focal seizure onset in the left temporal region." — Epilepsy monitoring unit report