acetylcholine receptor antibody
Autoantibodies targeting acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, primarily associated with myasthenia gravis diagnosis.
Full Definition
Acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AChR-Ab) are autoantibodies directed against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors located at the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. These antibodies are detected in approximately 85-90% of patients with generalized myasthenia gravis and 50-70% with purely ocular disease. The antibodies can be binding, blocking, or modulating types, each with different pathophysiological mechanisms. Binding antibodies are most commonly measured in clinical practice using radioimmunoassays. Elevated titers correlate with disease severity and thymoma risk. Serial measurements help monitor treatment response and disease progression. Seronegative patients may have antibodies against other neuromuscular junction proteins like MuSK or LRP4.
Usage
Usage note: AChR-Ab abbreviation acceptable in clinical contexts; hyphenate when used as compound modifier.
In Context
- "Elevated acetylcholine receptor antibody titers confirmed the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis." — Laboratory report
- "The patient's acetylcholine receptor antibody levels decreased significantly following thymectomy." — Follow-up assessment