neuroleptic malignant syndrome
A rare but life-threatening reaction to antipsychotic medications characterized by hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, and altered mental status.
Full Definition
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a potentially fatal idiosyncratic reaction to antipsychotic medications, occurring in approximately 0.1-1% of exposed patients. The condition is characterized by the classic tetrad of hyperthermia, severe muscle rigidity, altered consciousness, and autonomic dysfunction. Laboratory findings typically include elevated creatine kinase, leukocytosis, and metabolic acidosis. NMS constitutes a medical emergency requiring immediate discontinuation of the offending agent and aggressive supportive care in an intensive care setting.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as NMS; requires immediate medical attention - ensure urgency is conveyed in documentation.
In Context
- "The patient developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome within 72 hours of starting fluphenazine." — Emergency department report
- "Bromocriptine and dantrolene were initiated for suspected neuroleptic malignant syndrome." — ICU treatment protocol