neurotransmitter
Pronunciation: noor-oh-TRANS-mit-er
Chemical messenger that transmits signals between neurons across synapses.
Full Definition
A neurotransmitter is a chemical substance that enables communication between neurons by transmitting signals across synapses. These molecules are released from the presynaptic neuron, cross the synaptic cleft, and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, either exciting or inhibiting neural activity. Common neurotransmitters include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and GABA. Dysfunction in neurotransmitter systems is implicated in many neurological and psychiatric conditions, making this concept central to neuroscience and clinical practice.
Usage
Usage note: Written as one word. Distinguish from neuromodulators which have broader, longer-lasting effects.
In Context
- "Dopamine deficiency as a neurotransmitter underlies the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease." — Clinical explanation
- "The medication works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin neurotransmitter in synaptic clefts." — Pharmacological report