Maternal Hypotension
Decrease in maternal blood pressure commonly occurring after neuraxial anesthesia due to sympathetic blockade.
Full Definition
A frequent complication of spinal and epidural anesthesia in obstetric patients, characterized by a significant decrease in maternal blood pressure typically defined as a reduction of 20% from baseline or systolic pressure below 100 mmHg. The hypotension results from sympathetic nervous system blockade causing peripheral vasodilation and decreased venous return, often exacerbated by aortocaval compression from the gravid uterus. This condition can compromise uteroplacental blood flow, leading to fetal hypoxia and acidosis. Prompt recognition and treatment with vasopressors, intravenous fluids, and left uterine displacement are essential to maintain maternal and fetal well-being.
Usage
Usage note: Should specify the underlying cause when possible (e.g., 'neuraxial-induced maternal hypotension').
In Context
- "Maternal hypotension was treated immediately with phenylephrine and intravenous crystalloid." — Anesthetic record
- "The incidence of maternal hypotension was reduced by prophylactic phenylephrine infusion." — Clinical study