Pruritus
Pronunciation: proo-RYE-tus
Itching, commonly occurring as a side effect of neuraxial opioids in obstetric anesthesia.
Full Definition
Pruritus refers to the sensation of itching, which is a frequent side effect of intrathecal or epidural opioid administration in obstetric anesthesia. The incidence can be as high as 80-100% with intrathecal morphine use. The mechanism is thought to involve central opioid receptors rather than histamine release, which explains why antihistamines are often ineffective. Pruritus typically affects the face, neck, and upper thorax and can be severe enough to require treatment with low-dose naloxone, nalbuphine, or ondansetron. While generally benign, severe pruritus can significantly impact patient comfort and satisfaction.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from allergic reactions; opioid-induced pruritus typically doesn't respond to antihistamines.
In Context
- "The patient developed significant pruritus following intrathecal morphine administration." — Postoperative assessment
- "Pruritus was successfully treated with a low-dose naloxone infusion." — Treatment protocol