episiotomy

Full Definition

A surgical incision made in the perineum (the area between the vagina and anus) during childbirth to enlarge the vaginal opening for delivery. The procedure may be performed to prevent extensive tearing, facilitate delivery in cases of fetal distress, or assist with instrumental deliveries. There are two main types: mediolateral (angled) and median (straight down). The incision is sutured after delivery. Modern obstetric practice has moved toward restrictive use of episiotomy rather than routine application.

Usage

Usage note: Not to be confused with spontaneous perineal tears, which occur naturally during delivery.

In Context

• "A mediolateral episiotomy was performed to facilitate the delivery." — Delivery summary
• "The episiotomy was repaired with interrupted sutures following delivery of the placenta." — Postpartum note