placental abruption
Premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall before delivery.
Full Definition
Placental abruption is the partial or complete separation of a normally positioned placenta from the uterine wall prior to fetal delivery. This obstetric emergency can result in maternal hemorrhage, fetal hypoxia, and death if not promptly managed. Abruption may be revealed (with visible vaginal bleeding) or concealed (bleeding trapped behind the placenta). Clinical presentation includes abdominal pain, uterine tenderness, and fetal distress. Risk factors include hypertension, trauma, smoking, and previous abruption. Management depends on gestational age, fetal status, and severity of bleeding.
Usage
Usage note: Classify as partial or complete; document whether bleeding is revealed or concealed.
In Context
- "Emergency cesarean section was performed for complete placental abruption with fetal bradycardia at 34 weeks." — Emergency operative report
- "The diagnosis of placental abruption was supported by ultrasonographic evidence of retroplacental hematoma." — Emergency department assessment