conjunctival melanoma
A malignant melanocytic tumor of the conjunctiva with high potential for local recurrence and systemic metastasis.
Full Definition
Conjunctival melanoma is an aggressive malignant tumor arising from melanocytes within the conjunctival epithelium or substantia propria, representing approximately 2% of all ocular malignancies. These tumors typically present as pigmented nodular lesions, though amelanotic variants can occur, and may arise de novo, from primary acquired melanosis, or from pre-existing nevi. Conjunctival melanoma has a significant propensity for local recurrence and lymphatic spread, with regional lymph node metastasis occurring in up to 26% of cases. Complete surgical excision with wide margins, often combined with adjuvant therapies such as topical mitomycin C or cryotherapy, is the standard treatment approach. Long-term surveillance is essential due to the high recurrence rate and metastatic potential.
Usage
Usage note: Document pigmentation status, size, location, and margin status in surgical specimens.
In Context
- "Wide excision of the conjunctival melanoma included 4 mm clear margins with adjuvant cryotherapy." — Operative report
- "Sentinel lymph node biopsy was negative for metastatic conjunctival melanoma cells." — Staging workup summary