optic disc swelling
Elevation of the optic nerve head that may result from various etiologies including tumor infiltration, increased intracranial pressure, or inflammation.
Full Definition
Optic disc swelling refers to elevation and enlargement of the optic nerve head visible on fundoscopy, which in ocular oncology may indicate direct tumor invasion, compressive effects from orbital masses, or secondary effects from intracranial tumors causing raised intracranial pressure. The swelling appears as blurred disc margins, elevated nerve fiber layer, and often associated flame-shaped hemorrhages and cotton wool spots. In the context of ocular malignancy, optic disc swelling may occur with optic nerve gliomas, meningiomas, metastatic disease, or as a consequence of orbital tumors compressing the optic nerve. Differentiation between tumor-related and other causes requires careful clinical correlation and often neuroimaging.
Usage
Usage note: Reserve 'papilledema' specifically for swelling due to increased intracranial pressure.
In Context
- "Optic disc swelling was noted in association with the orbital mass compressing the optic nerve." — Ophthalmologic examination
- "The presence of unilateral optic disc swelling prompted urgent neuroimaging to exclude compressive lesions." — Clinical assessment note