Circulating Tumor DNA
Pronunciation: C-T-D-N-A
Also written as: ctDNA — Circulating Tumor DNA
DNA fragments released by tumor cells into the bloodstream, detectable through liquid biopsy techniques.
Full Definition
Circulating tumor DNA consists of DNA fragments shed by tumor cells into the bloodstream, representing a non-invasive method for monitoring tumor genetics and treatment response. ctDNA can be detected and analyzed using liquid biopsy techniques, providing real-time information about tumor mutations, resistance mechanisms, and minimal residual disease. This biomarker has particular value for monitoring treatment response and detecting disease recurrence earlier than conventional imaging, making it an important complement to radiologic assessment in oncology.
Usage
Usage note: Use lowercase 'ct' followed by uppercase 'DNA' when abbreviated.
In Context
- "Serial ctDNA monitoring detected molecular progression two months before radiologic changes." — Molecular monitoring report
- "The patient's ctDNA levels became undetectable following complete surgical resection." — Post-treatment assessment