Pneumoperitoneum
Pronunciation: /ˌnjuːmoʊˌpɛrɪtoʊˈniːəm/
Intentional introduction of carbon dioxide gas into the peritoneal cavity to create working space during laparoscopic surgery.
Full Definition
Pneumoperitoneum is a standard technique in minimally invasive oncologic surgery where CO2 gas is insufflated into the peritoneal cavity through a trocar. This creates a dome-like working space that separates abdominal organs and allows visualization during laparoscopic procedures. The gas pressure is typically maintained between 12-15 mmHg. While generally safe, pneumoperitoneum can cause physiologic changes including decreased venous return and respiratory compromise, particularly in patients with cardiac or pulmonary comorbidities.
Usage
Usage note: In surgical contexts, this refers to intentional gas insufflation. Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum indicates perforation and requires emergency intervention.
In Context
- "Pneumoperitoneum was established using a 12mm Hasson trocar with CO2 insufflation to 15 mmHg." — laparoscopic operative report
- "The patient developed subcutaneous emphysema secondary to pneumoperitoneum during the laparoscopic right hemicolectomy." — postoperative note