macular hole
Pronunciation: MACK-you-lar HOLE
Full-thickness defect in the central retina causing severe vision loss in the affected eye.
Full Definition
A macular hole is a complete break in the retinal tissue at the center of the macula, the area responsible for sharp central vision. These holes typically develop due to vitreomacular traction as the vitreous gel separates from the retinal surface with aging. Macular holes are classified by size and stage, with larger holes generally having worse visual outcomes. The condition causes a central scotoma and significant visual impairment, but can often be successfully repaired through vitrectomy surgery combined with internal limiting membrane peeling and gas tamponade. Early detection and treatment are crucial for optimal visual recovery, as chronic holes tend to have poorer surgical outcomes.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from 'macular pucker' and 'lamellar hole' in documentation.
In Context
- "The patient presented with a stage 3 macular hole measuring 400 microns in diameter." — Clinical examination findings
- "Macular hole surgery achieved anatomical closure in 95% of cases in this series." — Surgical outcomes report