cortical breakthrough
Tumor extension through the cortical bone into adjacent soft tissues, indicating local aggressive behavior.
Full Definition
Cortical breakthrough refers to the penetration of tumor through the cortical bone (the dense outer shell of bone) into surrounding soft tissues. This finding indicates aggressive local behavior and represents a critical staging parameter that influences both prognosis and surgical planning. Cortical breakthrough may be evident on imaging as disruption of the normal cortical outline, with tumor extending into adjacent muscle compartments. The presence of cortical breakthrough affects the required surgical margins and may influence the feasibility of limb salvage procedures versus amputation.
Usage
Usage note: Hyphenate when used as a compound modifier.
In Context
- "MRI demonstrated cortical breakthrough with tumor extension into the surrounding musculature." — Staging report
- "The absence of cortical breakthrough suggested the tumor remained confined to the medullary cavity." — Surgical planning note