gamekeeper's thumb
Acute injury to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint, affecting grip strength.
Full Definition
Gamekeeper's thumb is an acute injury to the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the thumb's metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint, resulting from forceful abduction or hyperextension of the thumb. The injury was originally described in Scottish gamekeepers who developed chronic UCL laxity from repetitively breaking the necks of small game, but the acute version is now commonly seen in athletes, particularly in skiing accidents (skier's thumb) and ball sports. The UCL provides crucial stability to the thumb MCP joint for pinch and grip activities. Complete tears may result in a Stener lesion, where the torn ligament becomes displaced and trapped, preventing healing. Athletes present with pain, swelling, and instability at the base of the thumb, with weakness in pinch grip. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for maintaining hand function.
Usage
Usage note: Use apostrophe in 'gamekeeper's'; distinguish acute injury from chronic form; may be called 'skier's thumb' in winter sports.
In Context
- "Stress radiographs confirmed complete UCL rupture consistent with gamekeeper's thumb injury." — Diagnostic imaging report
- "The skier underwent surgical repair for gamekeeper's thumb to restore pinch strength and stability." — Operative planning documentation