glenohumeral internal rotation deficit
Also written as: GIRD — Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit
Loss of internal rotation range of motion at the shoulder compared to the contralateral side, commonly seen in overhead athletes.
Full Definition
Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) is a condition characterized by a loss of internal rotation range of motion at the glenohumeral joint compared to the non-dominant or unaffected side. This condition is particularly common in overhead athletes such as baseball pitchers and tennis players, resulting from adaptive changes in posterior capsular tightness and altered humeral retroversion. GIRD is associated with increased risk of shoulder impingement, labral tears, and other shoulder pathologies in throwing athletes.
Usage
Usage note: Commonly abbreviated as GIRD in clinical documentation; quantify the degree of deficit when possible.
In Context
- "Range of motion testing revealed 15 degrees of GIRD in the dominant throwing shoulder." — physical examination findings
- "The rehabilitation program addressed GIRD through posterior capsular stretching and joint mobilization." — treatment planning