compartment syndrome
Surgical emergency caused by increased pressure within a muscle compartment, compromising circulation and tissue viability.
Full Definition
Compartment syndrome occurs when elevated pressure within a closed fascial compartment compromises blood flow to muscles and nerves within that space. This condition can be acute (requiring immediate surgical decompression) or chronic (typically exercise-related). Acute compartment syndrome is a true orthopedic emergency that can lead to permanent disability or limb loss if not promptly recognized and treated. The diagnosis relies primarily on clinical assessment, with compartment pressure measurements serving as an adjunctive tool when the diagnosis is uncertain.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish acute from chronic forms; acute is a surgical emergency requiring immediate intervention.
In Context
- "Acute compartment syndrome was diagnosed based on the clinical presentation and confirmed with pressure measurements." — emergency consultation
- "Emergent four-compartment fasciotomy was performed for acute compartment syndrome." — operative report