Stress Shielding

Full Definition

Stress shielding is a biomechanical phenomenon where bone tissue undergoes resorption due to reduced mechanical loading when rigid implants assume the primary load-bearing function. According to Wolff's law, bone adapts to mechanical demands, so when implants with higher elastic modulus than bone carry the majority of physiological loads, the surrounding bone experiences decreased stress and subsequently weakens. This process can lead to implant loosening, periprosthetic fractures, and eventual implant failure requiring revision surgery.

Usage

Usage note: Distinguish from other causes of bone loss around implants.

In Context

• "Proximal stress shielding was evident on the two-year follow-up radiographs." — arthroplasty assessment
• "PEEK implants reduce stress shielding compared to titanium alternatives." — biomechanical study