bronchospasm
Pronunciation: BRONG-ko-spazm
Constriction of smooth muscle in the bronchioles causing airway obstruction, more common in pediatric patients with reactive airways or recent respiratory infections.
Full Definition
Bronchospasm is the constriction of smooth muscle surrounding the bronchioles, leading to narrowing of the airways and increased resistance to airflow. In pediatric anesthesia, children are at higher risk due to increased airway reactivity, higher incidence of viral respiratory infections, and greater propensity for airway inflammation. Bronchospasm can be triggered by airway manipulation, certain anesthetic agents, cold or dry gases, or underlying conditions such as asthma. Clinical signs include wheezing, increased peak airway pressures, decreased expired tidal volumes, and upsloping of the capnography waveform.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from laryngospasm, which involves upper airway obstruction. Use 'bronchospasm' as one word.
In Context
- "Intraoperative bronchospasm was treated with deepening anesthesia and administration of albuterol via the breathing circuit." — Anesthesia record
- "The child's recent upper respiratory infection increased the risk of perioperative bronchospasm." — Preoperative assessment