intraosseous infusion
Also written as: IO
Emergency vascular access technique through bone marrow when peripheral IV access is difficult in pediatric patients.
Full Definition
Intraosseous infusion involves placing a needle through the bone cortex into the medullary cavity to establish vascular access when peripheral veins are inaccessible. In pediatric anesthesia, common insertion sites include the proximal tibia, distal femur, and humeral head. The technique is particularly valuable in emergency situations, shocked patients, or when multiple IV attempts have failed. IO access allows administration of fluids, medications, and blood products at rates comparable to central venous access. Local anesthetic injection before insertion and slow infusion rates help minimize pain.
Usage
Usage note: Document insertion site, ease of placement, and removal time in medical records.
In Context
- "After three failed IV attempts, intraosseous infusion was established in the proximal tibia for emergency drug administration." — Emergency surgery case report
- "The IO needle was removed once stable peripheral access was secured in the recovery room." — Postoperative note