CHD
Also written as: CHD — Congenital Heart Disease
Congenital heart disease; structural abnormalities of the heart or great vessels present from birth.
Full Definition
Congenital heart disease (CHD) encompasses a spectrum of structural abnormalities of the heart and great vessels that are present from birth. CHD affects approximately 8-10 per 1,000 live births, making it the most common birth defect. The spectrum ranges from simple defects such as small atrial septal defects that may close spontaneously, to complex lesions like hypoplastic left heart syndrome that require multiple surgical interventions. CHD can be classified as cyanotic or acyanotic, simple or complex, and may be associated with genetic syndromes or chromosomal abnormalities. Early diagnosis and appropriate management have significantly improved outcomes, with over 90% of children with CHD now surviving to adulthood.
Usage
Usage note: Distinguish from CHF (congestive heart failure) and CAD (coronary artery disease) in clinical contexts.
In Context
- "The prevalence of CHD has remained stable over the past decade despite improved prenatal detection." — Epidemiological study
- "Adults with CHD require specialized lifelong cardiac care due to unique complications and considerations." — Clinical care guideline