Plastic Bronchitis
A rare complication of Fontan circulation involving formation of thick, rubbery casts that obstruct the airways.
Full Definition
Plastic bronchitis is an uncommon but serious complication that can occur following Fontan operation, characterized by the formation of thick, branching mucoid casts that obstruct the tracheobronchial tree. These casts are composed of fibrin, mucin, and inflammatory cells, and their expectoration can provide temporary relief but episodes typically recur. The condition is thought to be related to elevated systemic venous pressure and lymphatic congestion. Treatment is challenging and may include bronchoscopic removal, mucolytics, anti-inflammatory medications, and occasionally Fontan revision.
Usage
Usage note: Two words, not hyphenated; distinguish from typical bronchitis or pneumonia.
In Context
- "The patient presented with respiratory distress and expectorated a large bronchial cast consistent with plastic bronchitis." — Emergency presentation
- "Plastic bronchitis remains a challenging complication in the post-Fontan population." — Literature review