apnea
Pronunciation: AP-nee-ah
Cessation of breathing for a specific duration that varies by age group, requiring immediate intervention in pediatric patients.
Full Definition
Apnea in pediatric medicine refers to the absence of respiratory effort or airflow for a duration that exceeds normal respiratory pauses. In term infants, apnea is defined as cessation of breathing for 20 seconds or longer, or shorter periods if associated with bradycardia, cyanosis, or oxygen desaturation. Premature infants may experience apnea of prematurity due to immature respiratory control. Central apnea involves absence of respiratory effort, while obstructive apnea occurs when respiratory effort continues but airflow is blocked. In older children, apnea may indicate serious conditions such as seizures, drug intoxication, or brainstem dysfunction. Recognition and prompt intervention are critical to prevent hypoxia and its complications.
Usage
Usage note: Specify type of apnea (central, obstructive, mixed) and associated symptoms when documenting.
In Context
- "The preterm infant experienced frequent apneic episodes requiring gentle stimulation." — NICU documentation
- "Central apnea lasting 45 seconds prompted immediate bag-mask ventilation." — Emergency response