bronchiolitis
Pronunciation: brong-kee-oh-LIE-tis
Acute viral infection causing inflammation of the small airways (bronchioles) in infants and young children, often requiring hospitalization.
Full Definition
Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory condition affecting children under 2 years, characterized by inflammation and mucus production in the bronchioles (smallest airways). Most cases are caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), though other viruses including human metapneumovirus and rhinovirus can be responsible. The condition presents with cough, wheezing, and respiratory distress, and can progress to require supplemental oxygen, feeding support, or mechanical ventilation in severe cases. Bronchiolitis is distinguished from asthma by age of onset, viral etiology, and limited response to bronchodilators. Treatment is primarily supportive, focusing on oxygenation, hydration, and respiratory support.
Usage
Usage note: Not to be confused with bronchitis, which affects larger airways and occurs in older children and adults.
In Context
- "The 6-month-old was admitted with severe bronchiolitis requiring high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy." — Admission note
- "Bronchiolitis typically affects children under 2 years and peaks during winter months." — Epidemiological report