extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit
The complete mechanical system including pumps, oxygenator, and tubing that provides artificial heart-lung support by circulating blood outside the body for gas exchange.
Full Definition
The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit is a complex mechanical life support system that temporarily assumes the function of the heart and lungs by circulating blood outside the body through an artificial lung (oxygenator) and pump system. In pediatric critical care, ECMO circuits are used for severe cardiopulmonary failure when conventional therapy fails. The circuit includes cannulas for vascular access, a pump (typically centrifugal), an oxygenator with integrated heat exchanger, tubing, and monitoring devices. Pediatric circuits require specialized components and careful priming to minimize volume and ensure biocompatibility. Circuit management involves continuous monitoring for complications such as thrombosis, air embolism, or mechanical failure.
Usage
Usage note: Often shortened to 'ECMO circuit' in clinical practice.
In Context
- "The ECMO circuit was primed with blood products to minimize hemodilution in this 3-kg infant." — ECMO initiation protocol
- "Circuit pressures were monitored continuously for signs of thrombosis or mechanical dysfunction." — ECMO management checklist