febrile neutropenia
Life-threatening condition in pediatric oncology patients characterized by fever and dangerously low neutrophil counts, requiring immediate antibiotic intervention.
Full Definition
Febrile neutropenia is a medical emergency commonly encountered in pediatric critical care, particularly in oncology patients receiving chemotherapy. The condition is defined as a single temperature ≥38.3°C (101°F) or sustained temperature ≥38°C (100.4°F) in a patient with an absolute neutrophil count <500 cells/μL or expected to fall below 500 cells/μL within 48 hours. Due to the severely compromised immune system, these children are at extreme risk for rapidly progressive bacterial infections that can lead to septic shock and death within hours. Immediate empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy is mandatory, often requiring PICU-level monitoring. The condition represents a critical intersection of oncology and intensive care medicine in pediatric practice.
Usage
Usage note: Always use lowercase unless beginning a sentence; avoid abbreviating in patient care documentation due to critical nature of condition.
In Context
- "The 8-year-old with ALL developed febrile neutropenia requiring immediate PICU transfer and antibiotic initiation." — oncology consultation note
- "Febrile neutropenia protocols mandate blood cultures and antibiotics within one hour of presentation." — emergency department guideline