neonatal abstinence syndrome
Withdrawal symptoms in newborns exposed to addictive substances in utero.
Full Definition
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) refers to the constellation of withdrawal symptoms experienced by newborns exposed to addictive substances during fetal development, most commonly opioids. Symptoms include irritability, high-pitched crying, tremors, seizures, feeding difficulties, and autonomic dysfunction. The Finnegan scoring system is commonly used to assess symptom severity and guide treatment decisions. Management includes non-pharmacological comfort measures such as swaddling and quiet environments, with pharmacological treatment (typically morphine or methadone) reserved for severe cases. Length of hospital stay and long-term outcomes depend on the substance involved and duration of exposure.
Usage
Usage note: NAS or NOWS acceptable after first use. Specify Finnegan score when documenting severity.
In Context
- "The infant scored 12 on the Finnegan scale, indicating moderate neonatal abstinence syndrome requiring pharmacological intervention." — NICU nursing assessment
- "NAS management focused on rooming-in with mother and non-pharmacological comfort measures." — Neonatology care plan