peritoneal dialysis
Renal replacement therapy using the peritoneum as dialysis membrane. Important treatment modality for acute kidney injury in pediatric critical care.
Full Definition
Peritoneal dialysis is a form of renal replacement therapy that utilizes the peritoneal membrane as a natural dialysis filter. Dialysate fluid is infused into the peritoneal cavity through a catheter, where it dwells for a specified period allowing waste products and excess fluid to cross the peritoneal membrane. The fluid is then drained and replaced with fresh dialysate. In pediatric critical care, peritoneal dialysis is often preferred over hemodialysis for acute kidney injury because it provides gentler, continuous therapy with better hemodynamic stability. The technique can be performed manually or using automated cycling devices, and is particularly advantageous in smaller pediatric patients where vascular access for hemodialysis may be challenging.
Usage
Usage note: Often abbreviated as PD in clinical documentation.
In Context
- "Acute peritoneal dialysis was initiated for fluid overload and electrolyte disturbances in the anuric patient." — Pediatric nephrology consultation
- "The peritoneal dialysis catheter was placed under general anesthesia with laparoscopic guidance." — Pediatric surgery operative note