periventricular leukomalacia
Pronunciation: per-ih-ven-TRIK-yoo-lar loo-ko-mah-LAY-shee-ah
Brain injury affecting white matter around the ventricles, primarily seen in premature infants.
Full Definition
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a form of brain injury characterized by necrosis or softening of white matter around the lateral ventricles, predominantly affecting premature infants. The condition results from hypoxic-ischemic injury, inflammation, or infection during critical periods of brain development. PVL is associated with cerebral palsy, particularly spastic diplegia, cognitive impairment, and visual disturbances. The injury typically occurs in watershed areas of blood supply where white matter is most vulnerable. Early detection through cranial ultrasound or MRI is important for prognostication and early intervention services. Prevention strategies focus on maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion and reducing inflammation.
Usage
Usage note: PVL acceptable after first use. Specify grade (I-IV) or describe as cystic vs non-cystic when known.
In Context
- "MRI revealed periventricular leukomalacia with cystic changes consistent with chronic white matter injury." — Neurology consultation
- "The extremely premature infant developed PVL, prompting early referral to developmental services." — NICU discharge planning