surfactant replacement therapy
Administration of exogenous surfactant to treat respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Critical intervention in neonatal intensive care.
Full Definition
Surfactant replacement therapy involves the intratracheal administration of exogenous pulmonary surfactant to treat neonatal respiratory distress syndrome caused by surfactant deficiency in preterm infants. Natural surfactant reduces surface tension in alveoli, preventing collapse during expiration. Preterm infants often have immature surfactant production, leading to atelectasis and respiratory failure. Surfactant therapy has dramatically improved outcomes for preterm infants and is typically administered soon after birth in infants at risk for or showing signs of RDS. Current preparations include animal-derived (bovine or porcine) and synthetic surfactants. Administration techniques include the INSURE method (intubation, surfactant, extubation) and less invasive surfactant administration (LISA).
Usage
Usage note: Multiple dosing may be required in severe cases of RDS.
In Context
- "The 28-week gestation infant received surfactant replacement therapy within two hours of birth." — Neonatal intensive care admission note
- "Surfactant replacement therapy was administered via the INSURE technique to minimize ventilator exposure." — Neonatology treatment protocol